Asteria .... I don't think UX is alive. I think it was different pitches from UW.
I translated this article (GT). It shows very well what a hunter the Goshawk is.
https://altoetting.bund-naturschutz.de/ ... bicht.html
Goshawk
THE HABICHT, A NOBLE HUNTER WITH
ACROBATIC SKILL
The Goshawk strikes its prey in the air and on the ground and what it once has in its claws it won't let go.
“Habicht, from the group of the falcon family of birds of prey. The common or goshawk A. palumbarius L. belonged here. It is one of the most harmful birds of prey, cautiously cunning, agile and quick, a feared enemy of pigeons, partridges, pheasants, chickens, ducks, starlings, finches and even small birds of prey. He often pursues pigeons and chickens into the interior of the houses and also hunts rabbits and hares.
With the Latin name Accipiter gentilis, Linne added the hawk to the scientific nomenclature in 1758. Accipiter means "the one who accesses", gentilis means "the noble one". The hawks inhabit several subspecies of forests in the temperate and Mediterranean zones of the entire Palearctic. In Central Europe the species Accipiter gentilis lives all year round.
The wingspan of the male is about 100 cm, that of the female 120 cm, the males being about a third smaller than the females. With an average size of 48 to 61 cm, the birds weigh 700 to 1200 g. The yellow legs of the hawk are short and stocky, the feet strong with long sickle-shaped claws. The males are gray-brown on top, old females are slate-gray. The legs and the relatively short, rounded wings are gray in color in the adult birds of prey. The underside of the old age dress in both sexes is pale and speckled with narrow black horizontal stripes. The light stripes above the eyes and the dark yellow to orange colored iris are typical. In older hawks the color of the iris increases to ruby red. The wax skin of the beak is yellow. In flight, the hawk can usually be recognized by its long tail. The large plumage shows strong banding on a white to brown background in all areas. The young birds are brownish on the upper side until the first moult, yellow, beige or orange on the underside with vertical drops or line drawings.
The hawk is a shy and reserved bird of prey in the forest, but also lives in parks with interspersed forests. Its habitat are varied forest landscapes with old trees as well as closed forest areas and open cultural landscapes with a sufficient supply of medium-sized birds and mammals. He prefers trees that are over 60 years old for the nest. Hawk pairs communicate with each other with a short “gjik” or “gjak”, but they can hardly be heard outside of the breeding season. During courtship from June to March they shout a sharp “gik, gik, gik” near the eyrie, which can also be heard when a disturbance is excited. If strangers intrude into the area, an attempt is first made to drive away the intruder by shouting. In contrast to the other birds of prey, direct attacks by birds with body contact only occur as a last resort in the context of territorial disputes.
The short, rounded wings and the long thrust enable the bird to make acrobatic turns. The bird of prey's relatively fast wingbeat alternates with short gliding phases. The exceptionally large differences between males and females result in different prey choices. As a typical ambulance, the hawk suddenly attacks from a hidden vantage point and takes the prey by surprise. The male goshawk is capable of air chasing for minutes and can chase soaring pigeons over hundreds of meters. The much heavier female is not capable of such hunts, but does hunt birds up to the size of a capercaillie and even the size of adult hares. The hawk strikes its prey in the air and on the ground and what it once has in its claws it won't let go. The prey scheme includes small birds, pigeons, chicken birds, mallards, rabbits and squirrels. The smaller male is faster and more agile than the female and doesn't just rely on surprise tactics. Like all hunters of fast-moving prey, hawks are able to react in a flash. The bird signals the flutter of a prey with restricted mobility or screams of fear and triggers a lightning-like reaction. On the hunt, the raptor roams through the trees at great speed, in low flight over the ground along a hedge and often makes sudden turns and uses the landscape structure as cover. With a keen eye, he can discover his prey over long distances, sprints off quickly and cleverly avoids obstacles. The male hawk is primarily a bird hunter and also regularly prey on small and medium-sized birds of prey such as sparrowhawks, kestrels, buzzards and owls. After beating, the hawk also kills its prey with kneading movements of his powerful fangs, digging his claws of the first and second toe into the prey and the victim dies of internal bleeding. After killing his prey, he plucks and dissects it with his hooked beak. Hawks also look for nests in higher vegetation and on trees and prey on young birds. In the case of small birds, the nest with its contents is often taken and dragged to the plucking place, where the empty nests are found on the ground. The goshawk prey on moles on foot and even beats brooding wild ducks.
The birds, which are loyal to each other for a lifetime, prefer to build their nests in old wood with a dense crown, which they change and replenish from year to year. They build their nests out of thick branches and twigs and the nest hollow is constantly repaired with coniferous twigs by the female, even while the young are being raised. The goshawks show a spectacular courtship flight during courtship time in late winter and circling high above the forest in which the eyrie is located in early spring. The couples pretend to be very vocal, with the sounding "gi-gi-gi-gi-gi" occurring in an ascending and descending tone. Hawks are strictly territorial and defend their territory by frequent gickering and sightseeing, during which they slowly flap their wings down and back up again in a straight flight and the males often fly in waves.
The eggs are usually laid in mid-March to mid-April. During copulation, both partners shout a high "confused-confused-confused". The breeding season is unusually long at 40 days. The female lays 2 to 5 unmarked, pale green to pale gray eggs. During the breeding business, the female moults the wings of her hand and arm. It breeds alone and is nourished by the male. After hatching, the female remains sitting on the young for about 10 days. It remains near the nest for another 10 days and warms the nestlings overnight. From then on they are alone in the nest and are given prey several times a day at the eyrie. Nesting hawks are very peaceful with each other and fledge after 38 to 45 days. After 3 to 6 weeks after flying out, the young birds leave their parents' territory, but are very loyal to the territory. Roaming young birds usually do not move very far from their place of birth. The species is not endangered.
Günter Geiss